Misalan Operating System - Cigaban Menene Ma'anar Software

Misalan Operating System
UNIX OS
Ana furta shi da yoo-niks, wannan shi ne aka
ce farkon Operating System da aka fara yi,
kuma shi Operating System da ka yi shi na
farko da High-Level Programming Language
wanda ake kiranshi da C Programming
Language. Yana aikin Multi-Tasking Operating
System kasancewar yana barin sama da
Program ɗaya su yi aiki a lokaci guda. Ita
wannan Babbar Manhaja ta UNIX an ƙirƙire
tane a Bells Labs a cikin 1970s, an yi ta a
wancan lokacin domin programmers ne domin
amfani da ita a ƙananan kwamfutoci. Saboda
irin yanayin da yake yin aiki UNIX ya zamanto
manhajar da ake amfani da ita a Computer
Workstation.
MAC OS

Shi Mac OS babbar manhaja ce da babban
kamfanin ƙera kwamfuta mai suna Apple
Computers suke yi. Kamfanin yana yin
kwamfutoci iri daban-daban sannan kuma
yanayin ƙananan kayan lantarki kamar iPod,
da iPhone da iPad. Mac OS shi ne na biyu
cikin Operating System da suka fi shahara a
duniya bayan Windows OS.
Ya fara shigowa kasuwa ne a shekarar 1984,
a lokacin yana aiki a matsayin Single Tasking
Operating System ne, domin yana amfani da
baƙin allo kawai domin yin amfani da shi
(Commad line), amma daga baya shi ma ya
koma Mult-Tasking Operating System
kasancewar za ka iya amfani da program fiye
da guda a lokaci guda. A yanzu da muke
rubuta wannan mujallar kamfanin Apple
Operating System ɗin da yake a kasuwa suke
sayarwa ana kiranshi da OSX ne.
Linux shi Operating System na kyauta ne,
wanda
ana shiga intanet ne a saukar da shi kuma
yana
da fa’idoji da yawa. Ita wannnan babbar
Manhaja
ta fara bayyana ne a 25 ga watan Agusta
1991.
Wanda Linus Torvalds da a bokanansa suka
ƙirƙiro domin sauƙaƙewa al’umma samun
damar
mallakar babbar manhaja ba tare da sun biya
kuɗi ba. Tana iya hawa kan kowane irin
kwamfuta da kamfanin Intel ya yi processor
ɗin
ta, da kuma wacce kamfanin Alpha suka yi.
Ita wannan manhajar ta Linux ba wanda yake
da
haƙƙin mallakarta a yanzu, kuma an bai wa
kowa
dama ya saukar da ita kuma an ba shi damar
yi
mata gyara sai dai a tsarinta an haramta
sayar
da ita, a kowane lokaci ana iya samun sabon
Linux OS ya shigo gari kuma ya fi da baya
inganci kasancewar kodawane lokaci akwai
waɗanda suke ƙoƙarin fitar da mafi ingancin
sa.
Daga cikin irin sunayen da aka fitar a zamuna
da
aka yi na wannan manhaja ta Linux akwai,
Debian,
Gentoo, Linpus, Linux, Puppy Linux, Rasbian,
Red
Hat, Ubuntu da dai makamantansu.
Windows OS
Wannan ita ce manhaja mafi shahara da kuma
ɗaukaka a kayan Babbar Manhajar da ake
amfani
da ita a faɗin duniyan nan. Kamfanin
Microsoft
da ke ƙasar Amurka suke yin ta wanda Bill
Gates
da abokinshi McAllen su ne suka ƙirƙirota. Za
ka
samu sama da kashi 80% na kwamfutocin da
muke yin amfani da su suna amfani da
wannan
manhajar ta Windows ne.
Shi ya sa za ka ji idan an tambayi mutum wai
wane OS ne a kwamfutarsa sai ya ce maka
Windows XP ko Windows 7 ko Windows 8 ko
kuma Windows 10. waɗannan kaɗan daga
cikin
sunaye da tsarin zubi na OS da kamfanin
Microsoft suka yi. A yanzu da muke rubuta
wannan mujallar kamfanin ya saki sabon
Manjarsa wacce ta samu sabon salo wurin
rabata. Domin a baya kamfanin duk lokacin da
ya saki sabuwar Babbar Manhaja sai an biya
shi
kuɗi a siya. Amma a wannan karon duk
wanda
yake da kwamfutar da ke da Windows 7 ko
Windows 8 zai iya mallakar wannan Babbar
Manhajar kyauta.
Shi irin wannan Operating System da muke
saka
shi a cikin kwamfutocinmu, ana amfani da shi
a
cikin kwamfutar da mutum ɗaya ne zai yi
amfani
da ita a lokaci guda. Amma suna yin
Operating
System wanda ake saka wa kwamfuta domin
ta
iya bai wa mutane da dama amfani da ita a
lokaci guda wanda ake kiranshi da Windows
Server.
Utility Software
Utility Software suna wani ɓangare ne na
System
Software amma shi aikin shi shi ne lura da
lafiyar
Operating System da yadda abubuwa suke
kaiwa
da komowa a cikin taka kwamfutar.
waɗannan
‘ya’ya na Utility sune suka da alhakin lura da
devices da aka haɗa da kwamfuta da
abubuwan
da suke shiga da fita ta hanyar internet, da
irin
waɗanda suke lura da printer da dai
makamantansu.